LOW BACK PAIN

Low back pain refers to discomfort or pain in the lower part of the back, which is the area below the rib cage and above the buttocks. It is a common condition that can affect people of all ages, but it is most prevalent in adults.

Causes

Low back pain can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Muscle or ligament strain: This is the most common cause of low back pain, usually caused by overuse or lifting heavy objects.

Herniated disc: This occurs when the soft tissue inside a spinal disc protrudes through a tear in the outer layer of the disc, causing pressure on the nerves in the area.

Degenerative disc disease: As people age, the discs in their spine can lose moisture and become less flexible, which can lead to pain and stiffness.

Spinal stenosis: This is a narrowing of the spinal canal that can compress the nerves in the lower back, causing pain and other symptoms.

Osteoarthritis: This is a type of arthritis that affects the joints in the lower back, causing pain and stiffness.

Symptoms

The symptoms of low back pain can vary depending on the cause and severity of the condition, but common symptoms include:

  • Dull, aching pain in the lower back

  • Stiffness in the back muscles

  • Difficulty standing or sitting for extended periods of time

  • Pain that worsens with movement or lifting heavy objects

  • Shooting pain or numbness that radiates down one or both legs

TREATMENTS

Treatment for low back pain depends on the cause and severity of the condition, but common treatments include:

Rest and activity modification: This can include avoiding activities that aggravate the pain, and rest to allow the muscles to heal.

Physical therapy: Exercises and stretches can help to strengthen the back muscles and improve flexibility.

Pain medications: Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications can help to manage pain and inflammation.

Injections: Epidural steroid injections can be used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be required to address the underlying cause of the pain, such as a herniated disc or spinal stenosis.

It is important to consult a healthcare professional if you experience low back pain that lasts for more than a few days or if the pain is severe or accompanied by other symptoms.